Joop128 I love my Wadia 6. Wadia 850 CD player Page 4. View Special Offers Check. Log in Sign up. 6) Never force anything, unless it's SUPPOSED to be forced. Super versatile CD player from Wadia's golden era. Wadia 16 CD Player I0897. I also made reference to the Levinson 30/31, Wadia 7/9 and Krell MD10-64x high-end, two-box CD players. 2 mechanics / Sony KSS151A laser). ¥270,000 Mar 6, 2023. The schematics is similar to the TDA lampizator: save for having two parallel chips not just one. Wadia 16 CD player - 4 x Burr-Brown PCM-1702 DACs & KSS-151A IGNORED EXPIRED Wadia 16 CD player - 4 x Burr-Brown PCM-1702 DACs & KSS-151A. 16. Have you ever had the frustrating experience of being unable to open or close the tray on your lovely Marantz / Wadia CD player ? In 99% of cases, this is d. $3,995. Wadia 830 for sale. Copy Comment URL. 99. 5 inches. 31dBFS (16-bit data). . Wadia Digital 1556 Woodland Drive Saline, MI 48176 Phone: (734) 786-9611 Fax: (734) 786-0163. The Wadia was very good indeed when placed in my original system, which included a. . Using the built-in volume control, the 381i can be run directly into an amplifier bypassing the need for a preamp. Pioneer PD-Z82M Multiple CD Player & 2 Spare 6 CD Cassettes Vintage Seperates. Wadia CD Player 21 / 850 Laser Unit New With Installation Instructions. Free Shipping. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for wadia 16 cd player at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Wadia did not offer can solution. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. 00. . Used – Excellent. Watch Report This Ad. Envío gratis en artículos seleccionados. The two faceplate buttons don't work (open/close & play). Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for wadia 16 cd player at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! 2009-2014. Anyone coming to the Wadia meet will be able to check them out. It followed Wadia's long-held belief of bypassing the pre-amp. com. Wadia 16 CD Player and 20 vs. Preamplifiers – deHavilland Mercury 2. Wadia 931. The CD player works great. Hybrid discs are a toss up, sometimes the player selects the SACD layer for weeks at a time and suddenly, should my luck change, selects the CD layer out of the blue. £42. Browse more videos. Up to 24bit 48kHz only. Yes, it is true that The Wadia 381/381i CD Player provides attenuation while the signal is still in the digital domain. 27K subscribers Subscribe 3. I liked it at the time but i had no other reference so i sold it quickly to experience other brands. Okay its a long shot I know, but does anyone no what could possibly be wrong with my Wadia 16 cd player, which when I turn it on and attempt to eject the tray mechanism, the display just shows open and does. I liked the music in produced a lot---so much so I sold my BAT VK50-se preamp. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 16 Cd Player USED at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Wadia 16 CD player ; Accuphase A20. 2023-11-08 18:05. $1,999. I am selling an excellent performing CD Player with the additional ability to act as a DAC. DVD movies Blu-Ray 5. 29 shipping. C $5,793. I have auditioned many many CD players in the last 2 years, most underwhelming. CD Player with ClockLink The Wadia 581 Disc Player with its digital inputs and outputs can be used with a digital signal processor such as a digital equalizer. 99. The 581ise measures 7 1/4"H x 17"W x 16 1/2"D. 270 cd player pdf manual download. Delete. I am almost 100% streaming although I still have my Wadia 16 CD player acting as a transport. By rockeater October 16, 2020 in Stereo, Home Cinema, Headphones Components Share More sharing options. Page 16: Playback Options 581 Disc Player Playback Options Time: This button switches. Wadia 16 CD Player Used. Buy It Now. The Wadia 25 DAC has similar overall characteristics as the 861 CD player, but the two deviate in important aspects. But works flawlessly. Free Shipping. Wadia 16 CD player - Worked fine for years then I had it boxed for about 6 months this year waiting for my amp to get repaired and now it does not read CDs. Get the best deals for wadia 102 at eBay. It has the original pointed cone feet. FOR SALE: Wadia 16 CD player c/w 4 x Burr-Brown PCM-1702 DACs & Sony KSS-151A Esoteric VRDS laser mech: CD Players & CD Transports: AUD $4999. High End Wadia 850 CD-Payer / Pass Aleph. Proscan CD Player - Black - PCD300-BLACK. Every time. 479 South Broad Street. The Linn is smooth as silk, but uninvolving and lacking in bass slam. Using the Stable Platter-based design, Wadia could extract such excellent sound quality - much quiet background when playing. Wadia 16 CD player ; Accuphase A20. I have a full spec (not the very new one) LP12 and had been using a Copland CD 866 player for the last number of years. Nothing is unbearable to hear, rather a dissapointing older or poorly recorded CD being played. 771. Built out of 1/2" aluminum and utilizing the best parts available from the time. Also has volume control for hooking directly up to your amplif. The 861's rear panel is quite a bit busier than expected, due to the Wadia's ability to perform as a digital preamp. Given the convergent evolution of state-of-the-art CD players, the VK-D5 has a surprisingly different presentation from the Wadia 850. Wadia 16i cd sacd player Quoka €3,100 Nov 11, 2015. posted March 01, 2010 09:51 AM. Edit. Page 15: Warranty 4) Wadia Digital shall not, under any circumstances, be liable for any incidental or consequential damages arising from the loss of property or other dama. It seems the 581 uses the Sanyo DVD mech, which is as common as anything and cheap as chips ($15). CD Player. In response to demand for more affordable products, they issued a “B” (Basic) model for the 861 that omits the extra connectivity. 99. 861SE. My player is the best digital playback that I've had in my system. SPEAKER: Wilson Alexandria XLF // Velodyne DD18+ SOURCE: Zanden 4-Box Digital + Waversa LAN Isolator EXT Reference Plus + QSA Org Gold LAN Jitter + Mullard NOS AMPLIFIER: Robert Koda K15EX Super Ground + K160 Monos CABLES: IC/SC: Transparent Opus 5 Digital: Z:Axis Ref SL-D I2S Power: Z:Axis SL777 // Sablon. Superb CD playback, but also hosts an array of digital inputs and acts as a premier Digital to Analog converter for all your other digital inputs. Digital – Meridian 508. rare Wadia WADIA 6 CD player rare operation goods Yahoo Auctions Auction bid. rockeater. Another word, whoever is going to buy stuffs from Wadia may need to include Wadia's service issue into consideration. Showing 1-2 of 2 [Jun 11, 2000] Ron Ploeger. 00: ON : Sep 21, 2023 - 8 : FOR SALE: Wadia 321 Decoding Computer ( Power DAC) DACs: USD $900. Ce module d'affichage est relié par des nappes à la carte DAC et à la carte Servo. Return policy details; The seller won't accept returns for this item. 99. By contrast, the Wadia sounded drier in the bass, with a greater emphasis on the leading edges of notes. There’s a choice of USB, optical, BNC and AES/EBU, and all accept signals up to a resolution of 24-bit/96kHz. Was to be a new Transport in 2007. $6,499. 16 MB]. Inputs: 4 digital, S/PDIF (BNC), TosLink, ST-glass and AES/EBU (XLR). The Wadia 860x CD for my money does eveything right. Audiophile. Wadia was known for making the biggest and chunkiest CD/SACD players around, and the 581ISE was no exception. When comparing the Wadia 781i Super Audio CD to the Resolution Audio 21 CD, it becomes obvious that the Wadia is. The Wadia 860 is a $7,450 CD player and digital preamplifier housed in one complete, highly refined package. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 6 CD Player at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!. 4. My beloved Wadia 16 CD player has gone silent. The Wadia 850 is an excellent integrated CD transport and D/A. Stony2275, since you owned a Wadia 16: a modestly priced Cambridge 840C sounds clearly better than a mid ninety top player like the Wadia 16? Speakers did not improve that much, Aps are a great example for that. Feb 13, 2011 430 5 923 Switzerland. Wadia Digital – (SA)CD Player. EN. Non fatiguing, great sounding, very involving, can be hooked directly to. Copy Comment URL. Brand New! Free Shipping! $449. Digital processors allow the signal to be modified without adding analog noise and distortion. With shipping to begin at end of February and a projected retail of $6,950, the 381 was touted by John Schaffer of Wadia as the CD-only version of the 581 SACD/CD player. Posted September 11, 2002. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 16 Cd Player USED at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Wadia 16 CD player ; Accuphase A20. The S7i is more than just a CD player, too, thanks to its range of digital inputs. I purchased the Wadia S7i a few months ago to replace my Wadia 861 SE. Jul 03, 2005 Pass Aleph 5-Wadia 8XX OR Concentra-FMJ 23. SACD only discs work fine, nothing. wadia 23 is a pretty good, albeit old cd player. Great deals on Wadia CD CD Players. Was to be a new Transport in 2007. $8. United States. Our service department overhauled this 11/19. As J-10 correctly noted, the tubed player has quite a midbass bloom to its sound that can be very seductive. Opens in a new window or tab. Pre-Owned. It has taken my wadia 521 gns co modded dac to a new level in bass, mids and highs. Classifieds: FOR SALE - Wadia 16 CD player asking for $2600. Recommended Posts. CD players Wadia 581 user manual pdf download free [1. 10-20-2007 at 12:48pm. Built out of 1/2" aluminum and utilizing the best parts available from the time. . 8%. I will compare the Muse and Wadia systems in a Follow-Up next month, but let it be noted here that the Wadia 27ix is. A digital volume control is included. Dec 17, 2011 #19. USER REVIEWS . The 860x was a step up to say a Monstercable alpha 2 . 39. From 861 to 581. It started life as Wadia 860 but was factory upgraded with board featuring Burr-Brown PCM-1704 DAC ICs and DigiMaster 2. In a nutshell, the Wadia 830, 301, and 302 are evolutionary upgrades to their product line of budget CD players. Remote control for Wadia CD player Applicable model: WADIA 16. I previously owned. (that became standard in the following 861 model. Ce module d'affichage est relié par des nappes à la carte DAC et à la carte Servo. Page 16 Wadia 861 Clear: When the program indicator is illuminated in the. Still, it's worth accommodating it because this. Lecteur cd audiophile Wadia 16. 16 + $55 Shipping. Wadia 20(트렌스포트)과 Wadia 25(D/A 콘버터)를 하나의 새시에 넣은 모델로 알려져 있다. この当時のSTUDER D730MK2のPHILIPS CDM4なども出力不足を起こしている個体が多々あります。. Wadia 16 CD Player CK Audio SGD 4,800 Aug 31, 2023. In the 861, the transport mechanism is fully shielded in copper and modified to use Wadia's patented ClockLink onboard clock signal—which feeds both. ANZ Classifieds;Item: Cd Player Location: Southport, Gold Coast 4215 Price: $11500 Item Condition: 9/10 Reason for selling: Moving Overseas Payment Method: Pickup - Cash, Bank Transfer Extra Info: Wadia S7i Cd Player with GNSC statement Upgrade - immaculate condition as new. Very revealing with 20 bit and 24/96 remasters. Pioneer Vintage Stereo Receivers. +12018790000. Opens in a new window or tab. Jul 18, 2008 #1 Hello learned people. 14-Day Return Policy. Super versatile CD player from Wadia's golden era. I first heard the Wadia 16 briefly before its official UK trade launch and initial results were favourable. I use it as a DAC mostly, and use my Linn CD12 as a player/transport. 2 – KSS-151A: Wadia 21: VRDS CMK-4 – KSS-240A: Wadia 22: Pioneer Stable Platter PEA1030: Wadia 23:. Warranty: Five years parts and labor; one year on transport mechanism. 1997-1998. 47 shipping. So, I come back to the schematics available from TEAC (10 and 25 which best match the Wadia 16, Teac CMK 3. Weakness: Mushy buttons on faceplate and machined remote. I liked it at the time but i had no other reference so i sold it quickly to experience other brands. 15 minutes of fault finding (including taking the case apart which was not that si. Bose Wave Music System with Multi-CD Changer, Graphite Grey - Black. [Aug 16, 2000] Ihor Sereda. Greatly improves the sound of less than stellar digital transfers. 0 bids · Time left 16h left (Thu. The greatly improved noise floor is at the cost of small distortion peaks becoming visible. 32 posts. It has the pre function, so it can be set in front of a power amplifier directly. Legendary Wadia 16 for sale. Wadia 521 Brochure; Wadia 521 Manual. at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Wadia 861 CD player Measurements. Wadia CD Player 21 / 850 Laser Unit New With Installation Instructions. The "leaky" nature of the Wadia's DigiMaster anti-imaging filter can be seen in fig. The system used FMS interconnects and speaker wire and Aerial Acoustics Model 10T s. Free Shipping. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 16 Cd Player at the best online prices at eBay!The Wadia 381 CD Player is listed for RM29,500. Accuphase Dp-430 CD player with Dac, Japan AC 100V. 2 x Burr-Brown PCM1704K DAC chips - new old stock. Over 35 lbs, this play is clad with heavy metal. Wadia 16 CD Player And Digital Preamp - Just Serviced. The $5995 Mark Levinson No. Howdy. Try and get this done at home so the Wadia doesn't have to travel. range. 1 upgrade for 860. With Direct-Connect, the output from the CD player is connected directly to the power amplifier, bypassing the preamplifier. 05. Go see my high end Red Book CD player opinions thread. Luxman D-105u CD player. Followers 3. 8 years ago. Retail price 17. The results for 19 kHz, 20 kHz combined test frequencies are shown below. Seller with a 99. Wadia Digital 21 CD Players . Glen Rock NJ 07452. $200 price drop. Wadia 16 - One of the best CD players ever made. DESCRIPTION C. Running this player straight into a Pass Aleph 3 makes for a fantastic $10-15K system. - Apr 24, 2023. Mystery component – Never released. Perhaps, Wadia is the worst company in audio industry I have encountered in decades that has such poor commitment to its customers. E. The 860x was a step up to say a Monstercable alpha 2 . For starters, ergonomics. This player is design with XLR balanced outputs connections and also can be use as a. Wadia 7/9 (Cost $26,000/no longer available) 2. Recommended Posts. I auditioned the Wadia 860, 860x , 861 and 860x GNSC Statement. $4,299. 8 years ago. Still, it's worth accommodating it because this. $1,599. Strength: Beautiful, realistic, analog-like presentation. As evident in my recent 47 Laboratory 4713 Flatfish CD Transport/Player and 4705 Progression DAC review, it would seem that as our understanding and implementation of the art of CD playback advances, more companies are able to produce excellent CD playback systems with unprecedented implementations of the 16. Sponsored. uncleseven - Wadia 861SE > Mark Levinson No. SACD DVD-Audio 4. 00. Wadia 830 CD. More Wadia. The weak link. Amounts shown in italicized text are for items listed in currency other than Canadian dollars and are approximate conversions to Canadian dollars based upon Bloomberg's conversionPage 16 WADIA 860 Enabling/Disabling The Wadia 860 is designed in such a way that the unused digital outputs can the Digital Outputs be disabled. Wadia 16 CD player c/w 4 x Burr-Brown PCM-1702 DACs & Sony KSS-151A Esoteric VRDS laser mech Aussie Audio Mart A$4,999 Aug 23, 2023Had Wadia continued as its own entity in Michigan, this 971-inspired S7i was slated to become a new 900-series model CD player, which sadly never came to fruition. I'll have to assume that they believe the sound quality is superior to other alternatives. I am selling an excellent performing CD Player with the additional ability to act as a DAC. v upgrade. If that doesnt work take off the top and check the CD spins. + $44. 57. Under that was the new 381 CD player. Wadia 381/381i Brochure; Wadia 381/381i Manual; 521 Decoding Computer. 857 euro. Weakness: Mushy buttons on faceplate and machined remote. Unique, elaborate DAC section (not used in any Wadia CD player), with oversized power supply and fuller sound than a W861 CD player. This listing has ended. $4,001. Page 16: Appendices Troubleshooting WADIA 860 COMPACT DISC PLAYER Enabling/Disabling The Wadia 860 is designed in such a way that the unused digital outputs can the Digital Outputs be disabled. Hi cpark, I recently got a Wadia 850 and it's connected directly to the mono amps via balanced w/o a preamp. It can be shipped, and value set to the wish of the buyer. This piece of gear has sold. Howdy. I am selling my wonderful CD player WADIA 16. This can result in slightly better overall performance. 88 $136. Mar 07, 20 1. Brand New. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 16 Cd Player at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Wadia 16 for sale. Wadia 16은 와디아 최초 일체형 시디플레이어인 Wadia 6(1992)에 이은 2번째 모델로써, 당시 와디아 일체형 모델의 최상급 기기이다. Showing 1-10 of 13. Primare CD31 High End CD Player. Subjectively compared to the CAL Icon mk2 CD player (california audio labs) it wasn't anything special when using the inbuilt DAC's and analog output. Machined Cast-alloy turntable. Perhaps, Wadia is the worst company in audio industry I have encountered in decades that has such poor commitment to its customers. Opens in a new window or tab. The normal 860 had a warm sound equivalent to that of a decent LP and turntable with say a dynavector ruby cartridge. I am still interested in reading Todd R's opinions about the Wadia 302 nevertheless. 00. The Wadia 830 CD delivered exceptionally high sound quality, squeezing just about everything out of the CD. If you can get your hands on one, don't hesitate. . It is probably two generations prior to the S7i. At 10 kHz, distortion for CD was 0. All CD players should sound this way. Extensive Review of the 27ix. Pre-owned. # service completed 6 months guarantee # Sapporo * under taking welcome!WADIA 381 192kHz/24Bit cusomize goods *CD player * exclusive use remote control attaching m0a5889 Yahoo Auctions Auction bid. The top range 4 boxes Scarlatti or Paganini series, CD/SACD transport, DAC,Upsampler, Master clock cost about US$80000 above. Virtual Systems Let the world see what you've built. #1. WADIA 23 CD player - Beautiful AUDIOPHILE CD Player w/ Remote. 48 postage. Wadia 16 for sale. . or Best Offer. Well, the fact that the 830 was that much better made it impossible to go back, regardless of the cost. This is a short video to show how little use this player had. disney-dream-store (1,301) 89. . Strength: space,textured, bass,micro dynamic,soundstage pinpoint, everething, This CD-Player has some strenghts over other players, which can be described as follows: First you notice the very deep and powerfull bass. In fact, if you use other digital source components such as a DVD player, iPod, CD transport, or even Wadia’s own 170i transport, you can run up to four digital sources into the 380i’s DAC. Built out of 1/2". 일체형 중에서 가장 와디아적인 농밀한 소리를. a few characterists emerge: the Wadia has tremendous soundstaging and imaging, but sounds artifically hyped up to my ears. Wadia 27ix GNSC inside pics. Share May 26,. 24 it to the Wadia, and Linn, and find the M/L to be equal in performance. Derived from the more massive VMK-3, the VMK-5 is a. CD Transport is achieved by Esoteric VRDS as found in P-700 CD-drive and servo from one of the other Esoteric units (look similar to T-1 or maybe T-10/25) Laser unit is magnetically driven Sony KSS-151A which is only about 7 or 8 % used, with more than 90% of its life still ahead of it (pls see the video content). 16. Stony2275, since you owned a Wadia 16: a modestly priced Cambridge 840C sounds clearly better than a mid ninety top player like the Wadia 16? Speakers did not improve that much, Aps are a great example for that. I compare the spectrum of its output when decoding a dithered low-level 1kHz signal with the CD's 16-bit resolution with a similar spectrum taken using dithered 24-bit data. Fourni avec télécommande. 00. Before then, I'd been convinced that anything that cost more than a good $1000 CD player wasn't going to be that much better. I am a satisfied owner of a Wadia 6 that's been with me since 1984. This CD player is a significant leap forward from previous Wadia players. Additionally, Wadia employs sophisticated power-supply filtering and. By rockeater Started August 25. Would like to ask for advice and feedback. 8 Meridian Reference 800 Love my Wadia S7i GNSC. Sign In Upload. 02-20-2008 at 12:05pm. 25 Mb) 7: Wadia 830 Manuals: Wadia CD Player 830 Operation manual (15 pages, 0. Wadia 1556 Woodland Drive Saline, MI 48176Single Disc - Converter Type: Digital to Analog (D/A) - Converter Resolution: (1) 18-Bit. 0. Sim Audio Moon Eclipse, Theta Miles (balanced) and Mark Levinson No. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 16 Cd Player at the best online prices at eBay! Free delivery for many products!Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 16 CD Player I0897 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Hi All,I just purchased a Wadia 23 CD Player. Meanwhile, the just-released 581 CD/SACD player leverages much of the Series 9’s technology within a more form-and-price-friendly package. I purchased the Wadia largely as a transport. 479 South Broad Street. @jafant I still enjoying a Wadia 16 from the 90's. 00. 1. charles1dad. The cambridge can be had in Germany for 1400€, I might be tempted. 00: NC : Sep 04, 2023: 9 : FOR SALE: Wadia 16 CD player c/w 4 x Burr-Brown PCM-1702 DACs & Sony KSS-151A Esoteric VRDS laser mech. Wadia381 was purchased because my main CD player Pioneer PD-T09 was released in 2019, and only Yamaha S2000 was temporarily used, so buying a new CD player is on the agenda. This has many features allowing it to also be used as a digital preamp, thus eliminating the need for more components. Log in Sign up. May 16, 2003 Posts 5,165 Likes 12. 6k Region: Australia Location:. Three years later -in July 2008 I discovered the 6N2P tube and now I would recommend to Kenwood DP7090 to hook-up their PCM1702 DACs to 6N2P only. I've. Original fault was that CD was being auto ejected just after being put it. Its 2000-series Decoding Computer incorporated the firm’s patented DigiMaster filter algorithm, the first digital filter specifically optimized for the reproduction of music. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Wadia 16 Cd Player at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!11. This unit has been in storage for a long time. And although not cheap, it is better than many more expensive CD Players including those from Wadia, Roksan and the mighty Marantz CD7. 67. WADIA 861 cd player Audio Kontakt €4,035 Dec 7, 2018. Copy Comment URL. Howdy. Associated Equipment. My beloved Wadia 16 CD player has gone silent. 67. 0. LG BH7540T - Blu-Ray player - BD - CD - CD-R - CD-RW - DVD - DVD R -. $4,001. Description: Remote-controlled integrated CD player with multiple, user-selectable digital inputs and volume control. Mystery component – Never released. I have been a hifi enthusiast from the age of 14, I am now 53. When we volume matched for the comparisons, we had to raise the volume on the Wadia to match the Cary. Opens in a new window or tab. Which system would yield the best sounding CD: A Wadia transport (used Wadia 16 CD player that I own) plus DD/DAC from Perpetual Technologies *P-1A and P-3A) OR tne latest high-end CD player like Wadia 86, Krell KPS28c, Meridian 800 or Linn CD12????? Is there big performance difference. Belt for Philips CD 104, 204, 304, 304 MKII and belt Set for Marantz CD 94, CD 94 MKII, CD 95, CD 99, Wadia WT3200, Philips CD 960, Japan LHH 1000, Micro Seiki. The highest-level harmonic is the third, at a still very low -85dB (0. Asking Price: USD $ 2200. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for WADIA Wadia 16 CD Player Digital Analog VRDS Transport at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Separate adjustments can be made for disc drawer insertion speed and ejection speed, and for display intensity. The Wadia 23 CD player was the model that really started it all for Wadia in the 90's with a very high esteemed reputation. 00: WA : Aug 23, 2023: 10 :. We offer CD player pick up or Mechanism , some drive belt , tray belt and laptop sparepart, hdd connectors. $1,450. Features Digital Inputs 4 : ST Optical, SP / DIF, AES / EBU / Toslink Digital Inputs 4 : ST Optical, SP/DIF / AES/EBU / Toslink Analog Outputs 2 : 1 Balanced XLR / 1 Unbalanced RCA. Tradetip. 99. Wadia was able to repair and all was okay till about 2 weeks ago. ericleung8828 - Wadia 581 > Kondo M7 >. Excellent matching for tubes.